are there any special skills required to play badminton

are there any special skills required to play badminton

Racquet sport

Badminton

Two Chinese pairs compete in the mixed doubles gilt medal match of the 2012 Olympics
Highest governing trunk	Badminton Globe Federation
Offset played	19th century
Characteristics
Contact	None
Team members	Singles or doubles
Mixed-sex	Yeah
Type	Racquet sport
Equipment	Shuttlecock, racquet
Presence
Olympic	1992–nowadays
World Games	1981

Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to striking a shuttlecock beyond a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with ane actor per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played equally a coincidental outdoor activity in a yard or on a embankment; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by hitting the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it inside the opposing side'south half of the court.

Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been chosen by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.^[i]

The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in breezy matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In item, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high summit speed compared to the balls in other racquet sports. The flying of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.

The game developed in British Republic of india from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. European play came to be dominated by Denmark only the game has become very popular in Asia, with recent competitions dominated by Communist china. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women'south singles, men's doubles, and women'south doubles,^[two] with mixed doubles added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. Information technology is also a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the evolution of sophisticated racquet movements.^[iii]

History

Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia,^[a] simply the modern game of badminton adult in the mid-19th century among the expatriate officers of British Bharat as a variant of the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. ("Battledore" was an older term for "racquet".)^[4] Its exact origin remains obscure. The proper noun derives from the Duke of Beaufort'due south Badminton Business firm in Gloucestershire,^[5] merely why or when remains unclear. As early on as 1860, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton Battledore – A New Game, merely no copy is known to have survived.^[6] An 1863 article in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and shuttlecock played with sides, across a cord suspended some v anxiety from the footing".^[7]

The game originally developed in India amidst the British expatriates,^[viii] where it was very popular by the 1870s.^[half-dozen] Brawl badminton, a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early on as the 1850s^[ix] and was at offset played interchangeably with badminton past the British, the woollen brawl being preferred in windy or moisture weather.

Early, the game was as well known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison boondocks of Poona,^{[viii] [ten]} where information technology was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873.^{[6] [vii] [b]} Past 1875, officers returning abode had started a badminton club in Folkestone. Initially, the sport was played with sides ranging from one to iv players, but it was quickly established that games between ii or 4 competitors worked the best.^[4] The shuttlecocks were coated with Republic of india prophylactic and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead.^[4] Although the depth of the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.^[4]

The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of the Bathroom Badminton Club drew up revised regulations.^[5] In 1890, Hart and Bagnel Wild again revised the rules.^[6] The Badminton Association of England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially launched the sport at a house called "Dunbar"^[c] in Portsmouth on thirteen September.^[12] The BAE started the outset badminton competition, the All England Open Badminton Championships for gentlemen'due south doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899.^[5] Singles competitions were added in 1900 and an England–Ireland title match appeared in 1904.^[5]

England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, holland, and New Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, now known as the Badminton World Federation. Bharat joined equally an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men's badminton has traditionally been dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become dominant in international contest. People's republic of china, Kingdom of denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Southward Korea, Taiwan (playing as 'Chinese Taipei') and Japan are the nations which accept consistently produced world-class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in men'southward and women's competition recently.

The game has also become a popular backyard sport in the United States.

Rules

The following information is a simplified summary of badminton rules based on the BWF Statutes publication, Laws of Badminton.^[13]

Courtroom

The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are normally marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules allow a courtroom to be marked for singles but.^[thirteen] The doubles courtroom is wider than the singles courtroom, but both are of the aforementioned length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-length dimension.

The total width of the courtroom is vi.1 metres (20 anxiety), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.xviii metres (17.0 feet). The full length of the court is 13.four metres (44 feet). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing the width of the court, by a curt service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 feet 6 inches) from the cyberspace, and by the outer side and dorsum boundaries. In doubles, the service court is too marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 feet half dozen inches) from the back purlieus.

The cyberspace is 1.55 metres (v feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5.00 feet) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, fifty-fifty when singles is played.

The minimum acme for the ceiling in a higher place the courtroom is not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will non be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve.

Serving

The legal premises of a badminton court during various stages of a rally for singles and doubles games

When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opponents' court or it will count as a fault. The server and receiver must remain inside their service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. The other two players may stand wherever they wish, and so long as they do not block the vision of the server or receiver.

At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (see court dimensions). The server hits the shuttlecock and then that it would land in the receiver'south service court. This is similar to lawn tennis, except that in a badminton serve the whole shuttle must be below 1.fifteen metres from the surface of the court at the instant of beingness hit past the server'southward racket, the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce and in badminton, the players stand inside their service courts, dissimilar tennis.

When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their opponent(due south) (this differs from the old system where sometimes the serve passes to the doubles partner for what is known equally a "second serve").

In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in their left service courtroom when their score is odd.

In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, merely he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a different opponent each fourth dimension. If the opponents win the rally and their new score is even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined by their positions at the starting time of the previous rally, not by where they were continuing at the end of the rally. A consequence of this organization is that each time a side regains the service, the server will be the player who did non serve terminal time.

Scoring

Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally regardless of whether they served^[thirteen] (this differs from the quondam arrangement where players could simply win a bespeak on their serve and each game was played to 15 points). A match is the all-time of three games.

If the score ties at 20–20, and then the game continues until 1 side gains a two-point lead (such as 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29–29, in which the game goes to a golden point of 30. Whoever scores this betoken wins the game.

At the get-go of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which the shuttlecock is pointing serves first. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether to serve or receive get-go, or choosing which end of the court to occupy first, and their opponents making the leftover the remaining choice.

In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. Matches are all-time out of three: a player or pair must win ii games (of 21 points each) to win the match. For the first rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the lucifer reaches a 3rd game, they modify ends both at the start of the game and when the leading thespian'south or pair's score reaches xi points.

Lets

If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no alter to the score. Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such equally a shuttlecock landing on a court (having been hit in that location by players playing in side by side courtroom) or in pocket-sized halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail which tin can be classed as a let.

If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall exist called; yet, if the receiver attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall exist judged to take been ready.

Equipment

Badminton rules restrict the design and size of racquets and shuttlecocks.

Racquets

Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams (2.v and 3.4 ounces) non including grip or strings.^{[14] [15]} They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be augmented past a variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre blended, racquets were made of calorie-free metals such equally aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were fabricated of wood. Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such equally steel, only wooden racquets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary market, because of their excessive mass and price. Present, nanomaterials such every bit carbon nanotubes and fullerene are added to racquets giving them greater durability.^{[ citation needed ]}

At that place is a broad variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racquet size and shape. Different racquets have playing characteristics that appeal to unlike players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, simply an isometric caput shape is increasingly common in new racquets.

Strings

Badminton strings for racquets are thin, high-performing strings with thicknesses ranging from well-nigh 0.62 to 0.73 mm. Thicker strings are more than durable, but many players adopt the feel of thinner strings. Cord tension is normally in the range of lxxx to 160 N (xviii to 36 lbf). Recreational players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between fourscore and 110 Northward (18 and 25 lbf). Professionals cord betwixt nearly 110 and 160 Due north (25 and 36 lbf). Some string manufacturers mensurate the thickness of their strings under tension so they are actually thicker than specified when slack. Ashaway Micropower is actually 0.7mm only Yonex BG-66 is virtually 0.72mm.

It is frequently argued that loftier string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase power.^[16] The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such as challenge that a lower tension string bed is more bouncy and therefore provides more than power. This is, in fact, incorrect, for a higher string tension can crusade the shuttle to slide off the racquet and hence make information technology harder to hit a shot accurately. An culling view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player:^[xiv] the faster and more accurately a role player tin swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum ability. Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical analysis, nor is in that location clear evidence in favour of one or the other. The virtually effective manner for a role player to find a good string tension is to experiment.

Grip

The selection of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a comfy surface to concur. A role player may build upwards the handle with one or several grips before applying the final layer.

Players may cull between a multifariousness of grip materials. The most common choices are PU synthetic grips or towelling grips. Grip choice is a matter of personal preference. Players often find that sweat becomes a problem; in this instance, a drying agent may be practical to the grip or easily, sweatbands may be used, the player may choose another grip material or change their grip more frequently.

At that place are ii main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker and are oftentimes used to increase the size of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than ane mm), and are often used as the final layer. Many players, withal, prefer to use replacement grips as the concluding layer. Towelling grips are ever replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive backing, whereas overgrips accept simply a small patch of agglutinative at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension; overgrips are more user-friendly for players who change grips frequently, because they may be removed more rapidly without dissentious the underlying material.

Shuttlecock

A shuttlecock with a plastic brim

A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle; too chosen a baboon) is a high-drag projectile, with an open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a rounded cork base of operations. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic cloth. Synthetic shuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs every bit feathered shuttles break hands. These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and a plastic skirt.

Badminton rules as well provide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed:

iii.1: To test a shuttlecock, striking a full underhand stroke that makes contact with the shuttlecock over the back purlieus line. The shuttlecock shall be hit at an upwards bending and in a direction parallel to the sidelines. three.2: A shuttlecock of the correct speed will state not less than 530 mm and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line.

Shoes

Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of condom or like high-grip, non-marking materials.

Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes accept piddling lateral support. High levels of lateral support are useful for activities where lateral motion is undesirable and unexpected. Badminton, nonetheless, requires powerful lateral movements. A highly built-upwards lateral support will not be able to protect the foot in badminton; instead, information technology volition encourage catastrophic collapse at the point where the shoe'due south support fails, and the player's ankles are not ready for the sudden loading, which tin can cause sprains. For this reason, players should choose badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running shoes, considering proper badminton shoes will accept a very thin sole, lower a person'due south centre of gravity, and therefore upshot in fewer injuries. Players should also ensure that they acquire safety and proper footwork, with the knee and foot in alignment on all lunges. This is more than just a safety business organisation: proper footwork is besides critical in gild to move effectively around the court.

Technique

Strokes

Badminton offers a broad variety of basic strokes, and players require a high level of skill to perform all of them finer. All strokes tin can be played either forehand or backhand. A player'south forehand side is the aforementioned side as their playing hand: for a right-handed player, the forehand side is their right side and the backhand side is their left side. Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the hand leading (like hitting with the palm), whereas backhand strokes are hit with the dorsum of the manus leading (similar hitting with the knuckles). Players frequently play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and vice versa.

In the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes can be played equally effectively on either the forehand or backhand side; but in the rear courtroom, players will attempt to play as many strokes as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play a round-the-head forehand overhead (a forehand "on the backhand side") rather than attempt a backhand overhead. Playing a backhand overhead has 2 master disadvantages. Showtime, the player must plough their back to their opponents, restricting their view of them and the court. Second, backhand overheads cannot be hit with as much power as forehands: the hit action is limited by the shoulder joint, which permits a much greater range of movement for a forehand overhead than for a backhand. The backhand clear is considered by nearly players and coaches to be the most difficult bones stroke in the game, since the precise technique is needed in lodge to muster enough power for the shuttlecock to travel the total length of the court. For the same reason, backhand smashes tend to be weak.

Position of the shuttlecock and receiving role player

Japanese player Sayaka Sato prepares for a forehand serve

The choice of stroke depends on how virtually the shuttlecock is to the internet, whether it is above net top, and where an opponent is currently positioned: players have much improve attacking options if they can achieve the shuttlecock well above internet height, specially if it is also close to the net. In the forecourt, a high shuttlecock volition be met with a net kill, hitting information technology steeply downwards and attempting to win the rally immediately. This is why information technology is best to drop the shuttlecock just over the cyberspace in this state of affairs. In the midcourt, a high shuttlecock will usually exist met with a powerful smash, also hitting down and hoping for an outright winner or a weak reply. Athletic jump smashes, where players jump upwards for a steeper smash angle, are a common and spectacular element of elite men's doubles play. In the rearcourt, players strive to hit the shuttlecock while it is even so above them, rather than allowing it to drop lower. This overhead hit allows them to play smashes, clears (hitting the shuttlecock high and to the back of the opponents' court), and drop shots (hitting the shuttlecock softly so that it falls sharply downwardly into the opponents' forecourt). If the shuttlecock has dropped lower, then a smash is impossible and a full-length, loftier clear is difficult.

Vertical position of the shuttlecock

When the shuttlecock is well beneath net height, players have no selection but to striking upwardly. Lifts, where the shuttlecock is hit upwards to the back of the opponents' court, tin can be played from all parts of the court. If a player does not elevator, their only remaining choice is to push the shuttlecock softly back to the net: in the forecourt, this is called a net shot; in the midcourt or rear court, it is often called a push or block.

When the shuttlecock is near to cyberspace height, players can hitting drives, which travel flat and speedily over the internet into the opponents' rear midcourt and rear court. Pushes may also be hit flatter, placing the shuttlecock into the front midcourt. Drives and pushes may be played from the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles: they are an try to regain the attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttlecock and defend against smashes. After a successful drive or push, the opponents will often be forced to lift the shuttlecock.

Spin

Balls may be spun to alter their bounciness (for example, topspin and backspin in tennis) or trajectory, and players may piece the ball (strike information technology with an angled racquet face) to produce such spin. The shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce, just slicing the shuttlecock does accept applications in badminton. (See Basic strokes for an explanation of technical terms.)

• Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to travel in a dissimilar direction from the direction suggested by the histrion's racquet or trunk motility. This is used to deceive opponents.
• Slicing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to follow a slightly curved path (equally seen from to a higher place), and the deceleration imparted past the spin causes sliced strokes to slow down more suddenly towards the stop of their flight path. This tin be used to create drop shots and smashes that dip more steeply after they pass the net.
• When playing a net shot, slicing underneath the shuttlecock may cause it to turn over itself (tumble) several times every bit it passes the net. This is called a spinning net shot or tumbling internet shot. The opponent will exist unwilling to accost the shuttlecock until it has corrected its orientation.

Due to the way that its feathers overlap, a shuttlecock also has a slight natural spin about its axis of rotational symmetry. The spin is in a counter-clockwise direction as seen from above when dropping a shuttlecock. This natural spin affects certain strokes: a tumbling cyberspace shot is more effective if the slicing action is from right to left, rather than from left to right.^[17]

Biomechanics

Badminton biomechanics have not been the subject of all-encompassing scientific study, merely some studies confirm the small-scale part of the wrist in power generation and signal that the major contributions to ability come from internal and external rotations of the upper and lower arm.^[eighteen] Contempo guides to the sport thus emphasize forearm rotation rather than wrist movements.^[xix]

The feathers impart substantial drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate greatly over distance. The shuttlecock is also extremely aerodynamically stable: regardless of initial orientation, it volition plough to fly cork-first and remain in the cork-first orientation.

Ane event of the shuttlecock'due south drag is that it requires considerable ability to hit it the full length of the court, which is not the case for most racquet sports. The drag also influences the flying path of a lifted (lobbed) shuttlecock: the parabola of its flight is heavily skewed so that information technology falls at a steeper angle than information technology rises. With very high serves, the shuttlecock may fifty-fifty fall vertically.

Other factors

When defending confronting a blast, players have iii basic options: lift, cake, or bulldoze. In singles, a block to the internet is the near mutual reply. In doubles, a lift is the safest selection but information technology commonly allows the opponents to continue smashing; blocks and drives are counter-attacking strokes but may be intercepted by the smasher's partner. Many players use a backhand hitting activeness for returning smashes on both the forehand and backhand sides considering backhands are more than effective than forehands at covering smashes directed to the body. Hard shots directed towards the body are hard to defend.

The service is restricted past the Laws and presents its ain array of stroke choices. Unlike in tennis, the server'southward racquet must exist pointing in a downward direction to evangelize the serve and so normally the shuttle must be hit upwards to pass over the internet. The server can choose a depression serve into the forecourt (like a push), or a elevator to the dorsum of the service courtroom, or a flat bulldoze serve. Lifted serves may exist either high serves, where the shuttlecock is lifted and then high that it falls nearly vertically at the back of the court, or flick serves, where the shuttlecock is lifted to a lesser top merely falls sooner.

Deception

Once players take mastered these basic strokes, they tin can hit the shuttlecock from and to whatever office of the courtroom, powerfully and softly as required. Beyond the basics, however, badminton offers rich potential for advanced stroke skills that provide a competitive advantage. Because badminton players take to cover a short altitude as quickly as possible, the purpose of many advanced strokes is to deceive the opponent, then that either they are tricked into believing that a different stroke is beingness played, or they are forced to delay their motion until they actually sees the shuttle'south direction. "Deception" in badminton is often used in both of these senses. When a thespian is genuinely deceived, they will oft lose the point immediately because they cannot change their management rapidly enough to attain the shuttlecock. Experienced players will be aware of the fob and cautious non to move likewise early on, but the attempted deception is still useful because it forces the opponent to filibuster their movement slightly. Against weaker players whose intended strokes are obvious, an experienced player may move earlier the shuttlecock has been hit, anticipating the stroke to proceeds an advantage.

Slicing and using a shortened hitting action are the two main technical devices that facilitate deception. Slicing involves hitting the shuttlecock with an angled racquet face, causing it to travel in a dissimilar management than suggested by the torso or arm movement. Slicing likewise causes the shuttlecock to travel more than slowly than the arm motion suggests. For instance, a practiced crosscourt sliced drop shot volition use a hitting action that suggests a direct clear or a smash, deceiving the opponent nigh both the power and direction of the shuttlecock. A more sophisticated slicing action involves brushing the strings around the shuttlecock during the hit, in order to make the shuttlecock spin. This tin be used to meliorate the shuttle's trajectory, past making it dip more rapidly equally information technology passes the net; for case, a sliced depression serve can travel slightly faster than a normal depression serve, nevertheless land on the same spot. Spinning the shuttlecock is also used to create spinning net shots (also called tumbling net shots), in which the shuttlecock turns over itself several times (tumbles) before stabilizing; sometimes the shuttlecock remains inverted instead of tumbling. The master advantage of a spinning net shot is that the opponent volition be unwilling to accost the shuttlecock until it has stopped tumbling, since hitting the feathers volition outcome in an unpredictable stroke. Spinning net shots are especially important for loftier-level singles players.

The lightness of modern racquets allows players to use a very short hitting action for many strokes, thereby maintaining the option to hit a powerful or a soft stroke until the last possible moment. For example, a singles player may concord their racquet set up for a internet shot, but so flick the shuttlecock to the dorsum instead with a shallow elevator when they find the opponent has moved before the actual shot was played. A shallow lift takes less time to achieve the ground and as mentioned above a rally is over when the shuttlecock touches the ground. This makes the opponent'due south task of roofing the whole court much more hard than if the lift was hit higher and with a bigger, obvious swing. A brusk hitting activeness is not just useful for charade: it also allows the player to hit powerful strokes when they accept no fourth dimension for a big arm swing. A large arm swing is too ordinarily non advised in badminton because bigger swings make it more difficult to recover for the next shot in fast exchanges. The use of grip tightening is crucial to these techniques, and is often described as finger power. Aristocracy players develop finger power to the extent that they tin can hit some power strokes, such as net kills, with less than a 10 centimetres (4 inches) racquet swing.

It is likewise possible to reverse this style of deception, by suggesting a powerful stroke earlier slowing down the hit action to play a soft stroke. In general, this latter style of deception is more common in the rear court (for example, drop shots disguised as smashes), whereas the former style is more mutual in the forecourt and midcourt (for example, lifts disguised every bit internet shots).

Deception is not express to slicing and short hitting deportment. Players may as well employ double movement, where they brand an initial racquet movement in ane management earlier withdrawing the racquet to striking in another direction. Players will frequently do this to transport opponents in the incorrect direction. The racquet movement is typically used to suggest a straight bending but and so play the stroke crosscourt, or vice versa. Triple motion is as well possible, merely this is very rare in actual play. An alternative to double motion is to employ a racquet head fake, where the initial motion is connected just the racquet is turned during the hitting. This produces a smaller alter in management but does not require as much time.

Strategy

To win in badminton, players demand to use a wide variety of strokes in the right situations. These range from powerful jumping smashes to delicate tumbling cyberspace returns. Oftentimes rallies finish with a blast, merely setting upwardly the nail requires subtler strokes. For case, a cyberspace shot can force the opponent to lift the shuttlecock, which gives an opportunity to smash. If the cyberspace shot is tight and tumbling, then the opponent's lift will not accomplish the back of the courtroom, which makes the subsequent boom much harder to return.

Deception is also important. Skillful players prepare for many different strokes that wait identical and use slicing to deceive their opponents about the speed or management of the stroke. If an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, they may move in the wrong direction and may be unable to modify their trunk momentum in time to reach the shuttlecock.

Singles

Since one person needs to cover the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to move equally much as possible; this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the court. Players exploit the length of the court past combining lifts and clears with drop shots and net shots. Cracking tends to be less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher has no partner to follow upwardly their try and is thus vulnerable to a skillfully placed return. Moreover, frequent smashing can exist exhausting in singles where the conservation of a player's free energy is at a premium. However, players with strong smashes will sometimes employ the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash weak returns to try to stop rallies.

In singles, players will ofttimes start the rally with a forehand high serve or with a moving-picture show serve. Low serves are also used frequently, either forehand or backhand. Bulldoze serves are rare.

At high levels of play, singles demand extraordinary fettle. Singles is a game of patient positional manoeuvring, unlike the all-out aggression of doubles.^[20]

Doubles

Both pairs will try to gain and maintain the assault, smashing downwards when the opportunity arises. Whenever possible, a pair will adopt an ideal attacking formation with one player hitting downwards from the rear courtroom, and their partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns except the lift. If the rear court assailant plays a driblet shot, their partner will motion into the forecourt to threaten the internet reply. If a pair cannot hitting downwards, they volition use flat strokes in an attempt to gain the attack. If a pair is forced to elevator or clear the shuttlecock, then they must defend: they will prefer a side-by-side position in the rear midcourt, to embrace the full width of their court against the opponents' smashes. In doubles, players generally boom to the centre ground between ii players in order to accept reward of confusion and clashes.

At high levels of play, the backhand serve has become popular to the extent that forehand serves have become fairly rare at a loftier level of play. The straight low serve is used near oft, in an endeavor to prevent the opponents gaining the attack immediately. Flick serves are used to prevent the opponent from anticipating the low serve and attacking it decisively.

At loftier levels of play, doubles rallies are extremely fast. Men'south doubles are the most ambitious form of badminton, with a high proportion of powerful jump smashes and very quick reflex exchanges. Because of this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for men's doubles than for singles.

Mixed doubles

The 2012 Olympic mixed doubles concluding in London

In mixed doubles, both pairs typically try to maintain an attacking formation with the woman at the front end and the man at the dorsum. This is because the male players are usually essentially stronger, and can, therefore, produce smashes that are more powerful. As a result, mixed doubles crave greater tactical sensation and subtler positional play. Clever opponents volition attempt to reverse the platonic position, past forcing the woman towards the back or the man towards the front. In order to protect confronting this danger, mixed players must be careful and systematic in their shot selection.^[21]

At high levels of play, the formations will generally be more flexible: the meridian women players are capable of playing powerfully from the back-court, and will happily do and then if required. When the opportunity arises, however, the pair will switch back to the standard mixed attacking position, with the adult female in forepart and men in the dorsum.

Organization

Governing bodies

The Badminton Earth Federation (BWF) is the internationally recognized governing body of the sport responsible for the regulation of tournaments and approaching fair play. Five regional confederations are associated with the BWF:

• Asia: Badminton Asia Confederation (BAC)
• Africa: Badminton Confederation of Africa (BCA)
• Americas: Badminton Pan Am (North America and South America vest to the same confederation; BPA)
• Europe: Badminton Europe (BE)
• Oceania: Badminton Oceania (BO)

Competitions

A men'southward doubles match. The blue lines are those for the badminton courtroom. The other coloured lines denote uses for other sports – such complication being common in multi-use sports halls.

The BWF organizes several international competitions, including the Thomas Cup, the premier men's international team issue showtime held in 1948–1949, and the Uber Cup, the women'southward equivalent first held in 1956–1957. The competitions now take place once every ii years. More than 50 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments inside continental confederations for a identify in the finals. The final tournament involves 12 teams, following an increase from eight teams in 2004. It was further increased to 16 teams in 2012.^[22]

The Sudirman Cup, a gender-mixed international team event held once every two years, began in 1989. Teams are divided into seven levels based on the performance of each country. To win the tournament, a country must perform well across all five disciplines (men's doubles and singles, women'southward doubles and singles, and mixed doubles). Similar association football (soccer), information technology features a promotion and relegation system at every level. Still, the organization was last used in 2009 and teams competing will at present be grouped by world rankings.^[23]

Badminton was a demonstration consequence at the 1972 and 1988 Summer Olympics. It became an official Summer Olympic sport at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992 and its golden medals now generally rate as the sport'due south most coveted prizes for private players.

In the BWF Globe Championships, first held in 1977, currently but the highest-ranked 64 players in the world, and a maximum of four from each land can participate in any category. In both the Olympic and BWF World competitions restrictions on the number of participants from whatever one country take acquired some controversy considering they sometimes result in excluding elite world level players from the strongest badminton nations. The Thomas, Uber, and Sudirman Cups, the Olympics, and the BWF World (and Globe Inferior Championships), are all categorized as level one tournaments.

At the start of 2007, the BWF introduced a new tournament structure for the highest level tournaments aside from those in level one: the BWF Super Series. This level two tournament series, a tour for the world's aristocracy players, stage twelve open tournaments around the world with 32 players (one-half the previous limit). The players collect points that determine whether they can play in Super Series Finals held at the twelvemonth-end. Amidst the tournaments in this series is the venerable All-England Championships, starting time held in 1900, which was once considered the unofficial earth championships of the sport.^[24]

Level three tournaments consist of Grand Prix Golden and Grand Prix event. Top players tin collect the world ranking points and enable them to play in the BWF Super Series open tournaments. These include the regional competitions in Asia (Badminton Asia Championships) and Europe (European Badminton Championships), which produce the world's best players besides as the Pan America Badminton Championships.

The level four tournaments, known as International Claiming, International Series, and Future Series, encourage participation by inferior players.^[25]

Comparison with lawn tennis

Badminton is oft compared to tennis due to several qualities. The following is a list of manifest differences:

• Scoring: In badminton, a match is played best ii of 3 games, with each game played up to 21 points. In tennis a match is played all-time of iii or v sets, each set consisting of six games and each game ends when one player wins 4 points or wins ii consecutive points at deuce points. If both teams are tied at "game point", they must play until one team achieves a ii-point reward. However, at 29–all, whoever scores the gilded point volition win. In tennis, if the score is tied 6–half-dozen in a set, a tiebreaker will be played, which ends once a actor reaches seven points or when one player has a two-point reward.
• In tennis, the ball may bounce once before the point ends; in badminton, the rally ends once the shuttlecock touches the floor.
• In lawn tennis, the serve is dominant to the extent that the server is expected to win most of their service games (at avant-garde level & onwards); a break of service, where the server loses the game, is of major importance in a match. In badminton, a server has far less an advantage and is unlikely to score an ace (unreturnable serve).
• In lawn tennis, the server has two chances to hit a serve into the service box; in badminton, the server is allowed only one try.
• A lawn tennis courtroom is approximately twice the length and width of a badminton courtroom.
• Lawn tennis racquets are about four times as heavy as badminton racquets, x to 12 ounces (280 to 340 grams) versus 2 to 3 ounces (57 to 85 grams).^{[26] [27]} Tennis balls are more than eleven times heavier than shuttlecocks, 57 grams (two.0 ounces) versus 5 grams (0.18 ounces).^{[28] [29]}
• The fastest recorded tennis stroke is Samuel Groth's 163.4 miles per hr (263 kilometres per hour) serve,^[thirty] whereas the fastest badminton stroke during gameplay was Mads Pieler Kolding's 264.7 miles per hour (426 kilometres per hour) recorded smash at a Badminton Premier League match.^[31]

Statistics such as the blast speed, in a higher place, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other comparisons that are more contentious. For case, information technology is frequently claimed that badminton is the fastest racquet sport.^[32] Although badminton holds the record for the fastest initial speed of a racquet sports projectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other projectiles such as tennis balls. In turn, this qualification must exist qualified by consideration of the distance over which the shuttlecock travels: a smashed shuttlecock travels a shorter altitude than a tennis brawl during a serve.

While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically demanding, such comparisons are hard to make objectively because of the differing demands of the games. No formal written report currently exists evaluating the physical condition of the players or demands during gameplay.

Badminton and tennis techniques differ substantially. The lightness of the shuttlecock and of badminton racquets allow badminton players to make utilize of the wrist and fingers much more than tennis players; in tennis, the wrist is normally held stable, and playing with a mobile wrist may atomic number 82 to injury. For the same reasons, badminton players can generate power from a short racquet swing: for some strokes such as internet kills, an aristocracy player's swing may be less than 5 centimetres (2 inches). For strokes that require more than ability, a longer swing volition typically be used, but the badminton racquet swing will rarely exist every bit long equally a typical lawn tennis swing.

See as well

• Brawl badminton
• Hanetsuki
• List of racquet sports
• Speed badminton

Notes

1. ^ Other related sports include Hanetsuki, which originated in Japan.
2. ^ Against this, Downey claims that the first rules were drawn up at Karachi in 1877.^[11]
3. ^ 6 Waverley Grove, Portsmouth, England.^[12]

1. ^ Boga (2008).
2. ^ "Olympic Badminton The Olympic Journey". bwfbadminton.com. Badminton Globe Federation. Retrieved x February 2018.
3. ^ Grice (2008).
4. ^ ^{a b c d} EB (1878).
5. ^ ^{a b c d} EB (1911).
6. ^ ^{a b c d} Adams (1980).
7. ^ ^{a b} "badminton, north.", Oxford English Lexicon
8. ^ ^{a b} Guillain (2004), p. 47.
9. ^ "Virtually Game", Brawl Badminton Federation of Republic of india, 2008, archived from the original on 7 July 2011, retrieved 7 July 2011
10. ^ Connors, et al. (1991), p. 195.
11. ^ Downey (1982), p. 13.
12. ^ ^{a b} "The History of Badminton: Foundation of the BAE and Codification of the Rules", World Badminton
13. ^ ^{a b c} "Laws of Badminton". Badminton Globe Federation. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 29 Baronial 2010.
14. ^ ^{a b} Kwun (28 February 2005). "Badminton Central Guide to choosing Badminton Equipment". BadmintonCentral.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007.
15. ^ "SL-70". Karakal. Archived from the original on xvi October 2007.
16. ^ "String tension relating to power and control". Prospeed. Archived from the original on 28 October 2007.
17. ^ "The Spin Doctor", Power & Precision Mag, July 2006
18. ^ Kim (2002).
19. ^ "Badminton Technique", Badminton England "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 17 Apr 2008. Retrieved 6 Dec 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally championship (link)
20. ^ "Rules of Badminton". Retrieved 13 June 2017.
21. ^ Kumekawa, Eugene (21 March 2014). "Badminton Strategies and Tactics for the Novice and Recreational Role player". BadmintonPlanet.
22. ^ "Thomas and Uber Cups increased to xvi teams". sportskeeda.com. eleven June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
23. ^ Sachetat, Raphaël. "Sudirman Cup to Alter Format". Badzine. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved xxx March 2017.
24. ^ "Badminton Federation Announces 12-upshot Series", International Herald Tribune, Associated Press, 23 September 2006, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 25 October 2008 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
25. ^ "New Tournament Structure", International Badminton Federation, 20 July 2006, archived from the original on 29 September 2007 .
26. ^ "What is the ideal weight for a lawn tennis racquet?". About.com. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
27. ^ "The contribution of engineering on badminton rackets". Prospeed. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007.
28. ^ Azeez, Shefiu (2000). "Mass of a Tennis Brawl". Hypertextbook.
29. ^ Thousand. McCreary, Kathleen (5 May 2005). "A Study of the Movement of a Free Falling Shuttlecock" (PDF). The College of Wooster. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2007. http://physics.wooster.edu/JrIS/Files/McCreary.pdf
30. ^ "Aussie smashes lawn tennis serve speed record". The Sydney Morn Herald . Retrieved 13 May 2012.
31. ^ "Fastest badminton striking in competition (male)". Retrieved viii July 2019.
32. ^ "WHAT IS BADMINTON". Badminton Oceania . Retrieved eighteen February 2022.

References

• Adams, Bernard (1980), The Badminton Story, BBC Books, ISBN0563164654
• Boga, Steve (2008), Badminton, Mitt Prints, ISBN978-1439504789
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Badminton (game)", Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189
• Connors, M.; Dupuis, D.L.; Morgan, B. (1991), The Olympics Factbook: A Spectator's Guide to the Winter and Summer Games, Visible Ink Press, ISBN0-8103-9417-0 .
• Downey, Jake (1982), Meliorate Badminton for All, Pelham Books, ISBN978-0-7207-1438-eight .
• Grice, Tony (2008), Badminton: Steps to Success, Human Kinetics, ISBN978-0-7360-7229-eight
• Guillain, Jean-Yves (2004), Badminton: An Illustrated History, Publibook, ISBN2-7483-0572-8
• Jones, Henry (1878), "Badminton", in Baynes, T. South. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 228
• Kim, Wangdo (2002), An Analysis of the Biomechanics of Arm Motility During a Badminton Smash (PDF), Nanyang Technological University, archived from the original on ii October 2008 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).

External links

• Badminton at Curlie
• Badminton World Federation
  • Laws of Badminton
  • Simplified Rules
• Badminton Asia Confederation
• Badminton Pan Am
• Badminton Oceania
• Badminton Europe
• Badminton Confederation of Africa

are there any special skills required to play badminton

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